RESEARCH
2025 Joins Top-Three Warmest Years Ever: Agencies Report 1.34°C–1.47°C Above Pre-Industrial
Five major scientific agencies independently confirmed 2025 as one of the three hottest years in 175+ years of global temperature records. Anomaly estimates ranged from 1.34°C to 1.47°C above pre-industrial baselines (1850–1900). The decade 2015–2025 is now the warmest eleven-year period ever recorded, and the 2023–2025 three-year average has become the first to exceed 1.48°C above pre-industrial levels.
Findings
- All five major scientific agencies (NASA, NOAA, Copernicus, Berkeley Earth, WMO) placed 2025 in the top three warmest years ever recorded
- Temperature anomaly estimates ranged 1.34°C–1.47°C above pre-industrial levels; the 0.13°C spread reflects different baseline periods, not disagreement about the direction of warming
- 2023–2025 is the first three-year period with a consolidated average exceeding 1.48°C above pre-industrial levels; 2024 remains the single hottest year at 1.60°C (Copernicus)
- Upper ocean heat content set its fifth consecutive annual record in 2025, confirming that accumulated warming in Earth's climate system continued even as surface air temps dipped from the 2024 peak
Delta Engine result
✓ Consensus — Δ 0.0324 (threshold 0.05)
- WMO T5 94
- Copernicus T5 93
- NOAA NCEI T5 92
- NASA GISS T5 91
- Berkeley Earth T4 91
Evidence quality
avg 93 · min 85 · max 95 · spread 10